38 Studies in 38 Sentences | Take Home Messages from the 2019 Kansas Swine Day
Tags: Swine | Nursery Pig | Sow | Conference | Feed Additive
Happy Friday everyone! It's Xixi up in the air again~~
Yesterday, I had the pleasure to attend the 2019 Kansas State University Swine Day for the very first time and genuinely had a blast! Not only did I have the chance to meet a lot of new friends in the swine world through my exhibit booth (also a very first time for me! #entrepreneurlifeđź‘»), I also learned a ton from the research presentations that the KSU swine team perfectly put together.
A total of 38 studies were discussed with a wide-ranging topics from nursery, grow-fin, sow nutrition and management to feed processing and swine health.
It can be quite difficult to digest all those studies in details, so what I thought I would do today is to summarize/quote each study by just 1 sentence for an easier grasp of the take home messages. The proceeding is now available online HERE for those of you who are interested to dig deeper. Link to each abstract is also included below.
Important Note: Because details of experimental designs are not provided here, please interpret the results and conclusions carefully. For anyone who intend to make a generalizable claim, careful examination of the variables involved in the study is recommended.
Nursery Pig Nutrition & Management
1). Monomix (a medium chain fatty acid product) at 0.4% did not improve pig performance, whereas pharmacological levels of ZnO improved ADG and ADFI from 0 to 35 days of age.
K. L. Batson, L. L. Thomas, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey, and J. Bryte
2). "Diets without ZnO reduced nursery performance, and lowering dietary CP and amino acids exacerbate this response...Combining the three alternatives tested (wheat bran, Na diformate, and low CP) as a replacement to ZnO improved fecal DM content and fecal score but did not result in improved performance."
Alternatives to Replace the Use of Zinc Oxide in Nursery Pig Diets
F. Laskoski, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, and J. M. DeRouchey
3). While ZnO and carbadox worked best to maximize piglet performance, the 1% monolaurate-containing lipid blend, FORMI GML (ADDCON, Germany), showed promise to replace these antimicrobials ..."additional research is warranted to identify optimal lipid blends".
P. L. Dahmer, G. E. Luebcke, A. B. Lerner, and C. K. Jones
4). "Pigs fed the positive control diet (zinc + CTC) had improved performance compared to pigs fed the negative control with or without fermentation product (a spray-dried Lactococcus-based fermentation product at 5%)"
Effects of Spray-Dried Lactococcus-Based Fermentation Products on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs
K. M. Dunmire, M. B. Braun, G. E. Nichols, C. E. Evans, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. N. Truelock, J. C. Woodworth, J. Callura, and C. B. Paulk
5). "Feeding nursery pigs pharmacological levels of Cu+Zn and carbadox improved nursery pig performance, while Cordyceps mushroom powder at 300 ppm may increase pig ADFI and final BW through potentially complementary modes of action to carbadox."
J. Richert, M. Thayer, C. Chastain, A. Duttlinger, J. Feldpausch, R. Garcia, B. Richert, and J. L. Nelssen
6). Cordyceps mushroom powder (MP) or purified mushroom beta-glucan (BG) improved F/G from 0 to 35 days compared to negative control, but did not affect BW...At d 154 after weaning, "pigs fed the 300 BG from day 0 to 35 were 24.4 lb heavier than the negative control (P < 0.05) and 15.4 lb heavier than the positive control (P < 0.05)".
J. Richert, M. Thayer, C. Chastain, A. Duttlinger, J. Feldpausch, R. Garcia, B. Richert, and J. L. Nelssen
7). "For 20- to 60-lb nursery pigs, diets containing more than 30 ppm of Fumonisins should not be fed, as increasing Fumonisins concentration worsens growth performance and increases serum Sa:So ratio"
Effect of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn on Growth Performance of 20- to 60-lb Nursery Pigs
Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and H. Calderon Cartagena
8). Adding Biofix Select Pro (Biomin) to diets containing 30 to 50 ppm of Fumonisins appeared to mitigate the negative effects of Fumonisin in piglets.
Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and H. Calderon Cartagena
9). Feed form (meal or pelleted), storage time (0, 3, or 7 d), or Viligen (a blend of fatty acids, prebiotics, and minerals at 0.15%, Alltech) did not have meaningful impact on Fumonisin concentration in corn that can lead to biological differences.
Effect of Viligen™, Feed Form, and Storage Time on Fumonisin Concentrations in Corn
Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and H. Calderon Cartagena
10). Pigs fed diets with 25% DDGS had decreased ADG and ADFI & poorer F/G...increasing SBM (27.5, 32.5, or 37.5%) negatively affecting performance in a greater magnitude when diets contained 25% DDGS compared to diets without DDGS."
Effects of Soybean Meal Level on Growth Performance of 25- to 50-lb Nursery Pigs
H. S. Cemin, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband
11). We might have underestimated the NE value of SBM all this time ---- Here, "the energy value of SBM is estimated between 105 and 121% of corn, much greater than the current suggested value of 78% of corn".
H. S. Cemin, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband
12). TRP Pro (a Trp biomass product from CJ, containing 60% Trp) at 21% SID Trp:Lys Ratio appears to be a suitable alternative to crystalline Trp in nursery pig diets, but further evaluation at higher inclusion levels is needed.
Determining the Effects of Tryptophan Biomass on Growth Performance of 25- to 50-lb Nursery Pigs
M. R. Wensley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and K. D. Haydon
Finishing Pig Nutrition and Management
13). Simplification of phase-feeding strategies to fewer dietary phases (2 phase from 60-220 & 220-280 lb BW or 3 phase from 60-160, 160-220, & 220-280 lb BW) in the grow-finish period with lysine set slightly below the requirements seems to be feasible (without affecting growth performance or carcass quality)... if initial BW and feed intake in the grow-finish period are good.
M. B. Menegat, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband
14). "High amylase corn tended to improve overall ADG, while F/G and carcass characteristics were unchanged (compared to conventional corn)"
Evaluation of High Amylase Corn on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Pigs
P. Ochonski, F. Wu, E. Arkfeld, J. M. Lattimer, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, and M. D. Tokach
15). High amylase corn diets resulted in greater gelatinized starch than conventional corn diets; increasing die thickness (L:D 8.0 vs. 5.6) and conditioning temperature (165, 175, and 185°F) improved pellet quality.
Pelleting and Starch Characteristics of Diets Containing High Amylase Corn
C. N. Truelock, M. D. Tokach, C. R. Stark, and C. R. Paulk
16). Pigs fed diets with increasing High Protein DDG (0, 10, 20, 30, or 40%) had a linear decrease in ADG, ADFI, and final BW, while best F/G was found in pigs fed 40% HPDDG...the productive energy of HPDDG was estimated as 1,218 kcal/lb or 97.3% of corn NE.
Evaluating the Productive Energy Content of High-Protein Distillers Dried Grains in Swine Diets
H. S. Cemin, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and M. Wilken
17). Little difference among Mn sources (MnSO4 or Mn hydroxychloride) were found in this 107d growth trial with an initial weight of 76 lb, but improvements in growth performance for 8 and 32 ppm of Mn compared with 16 ppm were noticed.
H. R. Kerkaert, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, and R. D. Goodband
18). "Added xylanase in the diet did not impact growth performance or mortality but did improve carcass yield at intermediate levels (from a range of 0, 2.3, 4.5, 9.1, 18.1, and 34.0 of enzymatic activity for xylanase (SXU)/lb)" .
H. R. Kerkaert, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, H. Calderone Cartagena, and M. Gonçalves
19). The magnitude of available P release at different Phytase inclusion rates (150, 250, 500, 750, or 1,000 FTU/kg) depends on the response criteria, but Smizyme TS G5 2,500 (Origination) appears to have a similar aP release to other commercially available phytase sources.
Determination of Efficacy of Smizyme TS G5 2,500 Phytase in Nursery Pigs
M. R.Wensley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and J. Faser
20). Adding 1,500 FYT/kg of phytase (Ronozyme HiPhos 2500) fed throughout the entire 126 d study and using full matrix values for minerals, amino acids (AA), and energy had detrimental effects on ADG, F/G, and HCW in this study..."We speculate that the negative effects...may be due to overestimating the matrix values for energy and AA."
(Assumed release values were: 0.146% standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P, 0.166% available P, 0.102% STTD calcium, 24 kcal/lb of metabolizable energy, 19 kcal/lb of net energy, and 0.0217, 0.0003, 0.00886, 0.0224, 0.0056, 0.0122, and 0.0163% digestible Lys, Met, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Ile, and Val, respectively).
C. M. Vier, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. R. Bergstrom, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, and J. M. DeRouchey
21). "Pigs fed full matrix release values had the poorest F/G, while pigs fed diets assuming Ca and P in addition to AA and half NE had F/G comparable to the control...this suggests the full matrix release values, especially energy, attributed to the phytase may be too aggressive and resulted in diets contributing fewer nutrients than needed to optimize performance"
Should Phytase Be Given Release Values for Amino Acids and Energy in Diets for Growing Pigs?
M. R. Wensley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and H. Calderon Cartagena
22). An Excel-based tool was developed to "evaluate the user’s current dietary STTD P concentrations for a specific production system and market conditions...this tool provides a means for the users to compare their current STTD P concentrations to levels required to achieve maximum growth performance, while considering the financial implications under dynamic productive and economic situations."
The tool can be downloaded at www.ksuswine.org.
Economic Model for Optimum Standardized Total Tract Digestible Phosphorus for Finishing Pigs
C. M. Vier, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, U. A. Orlando, W. Cast, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, and J. M. DeRouchey
23). "The addition of ACC (A algoclay complex- based feed additive) to finishing diets showed an improvement in growth performance but no differences were observed in the economic analysis".
L. Del Tuffo, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband
24). A growth performance prediction commercial model (CAMERA®; INTL FCStone) was able to "capture changes in growth performance of pigs that received various dietary energy and fiber concentrations as well as pigs with changing space allowance, but not yet able to predict carcass yield in response to changes in dietary fiber nor the differences in growth performance due to variation in dietary lysine"
M. B. Menegat, F. Wu, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband
Sow Nutrition and Management
25). "Providing high Lys and energy intake from d 107 or 113 to farrowing increased piglet birth weight in gilts; however, litter gain to weaning was reduced when gilts started on high lactation feed intake at d 107 compared to gilts not fed increased Lys and energy."
K. M. Gourley, A. J. Swanson, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband
26). "Sow feed intake was decreased and weight loss increased with increasing soybean meal concentration from 25 to 35%, while no difference in litter performance was observed."
Effects of Soybean Meal Concentration in Lactating Sow Diets on Sow and Litter Performance
K. M. Gourley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband
27). The addition of Oceanfeed Swine (a blend of brown, red, and green seaweeds) in gestation, lactation, and the nursery/finishing phases had no consistent effect on sow or litter performance, but improved offspring microbiota profile.
Effects of Oceanfeed Swine Feed Additive on Performance of Sows and Their Offspring
L. Del Tuffo, F. Laskoski, C. M. Vier, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, L. A. Constance, M. Niederwerder, and E. Arkfeldt
28). "Sow feed intake tended to increase linearly with increasing phytase (0, 1,000, or 3,000 FTU/kg; Ronozyme HiPhos 2700), while feeding 1,000 FTU/kg maximized overall litter gain and weaning weight."
Effects of High Phytase Supplementation in Lactation Diets on Sow and Litter Performance
K. L. Batson, H. Calderon Cartagena, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and J. M. DeRouchey
29). "Increasing weaning age (18.5, 21.5, or 24.5 d) linearly improved pig performance and relatively short-term use of antibiotics (400 ppm of chlortetracycline from d 8 to 21 post-weaning, then 5 days in drinking water at 10 mg/lb BW at week 7) reduced mortality and removals"
Effects of Weaning Age and Antibiotic Use on Pig Performance in a Commercial System
J. E. Faccin, M. W. Allerson, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband
Feed Processing
30). Comparison of official analytical methods vs. near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) using SBMs processed at different temperatures showed that "there was a positive correlation between official analytical and NIRS results for CP, Lys:CP, available Lys:total Lys, total AA, Ala, Cys, Lys, and a negative correlation for Thr".
Evaluating Soybean Meal Quality Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
K. M. Dunmire, J. Dhakal, K. Stringfellow, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk
31). Use of a filter is recommended when conducting PDI analysis using the Holmen NHP 100 (a portable forced air pellet tester for measuring PDI) to allow more consistent results.
C. E. Evans, R. N. Kort, M. Saensukjaroenphon, H. K. Wecker, C. B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark
32). "Increasing the conditioning temperature increased both pellet hardness and pellet durability; however, these two responses were not strongly correlated."
Effects of Conditioning Temperature on Pellet Quality of Nursery Pig Diets
G. E. Nichols, C. R. Stark, A. M. Ogles, K. M. Dunmire, and C. B. Paulk
33). "Pellet quality can be improved by increasing the pellet length from 0.19 to 0.34 in (Knife Distance 0.25 and 0.75 in, respectively)"
The Effect of Pellet Mill Production Rate and Knife Distance on Pellet Quality
C. E. Evans, R. J. Beeman, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark
34). "Decreasing hammer mill screen size increased moisture loss by 0.55%, corn particle size by 126 ÎĽm, and resulted in poorer flowability...high moisture corn increased subsequent particle size by 89 ÎĽm, therefore improving flowability"
M. B. Braun, K. M. Dunmire, C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk
35). "Phytase stability in conditioned mash and pellets decreases linearly when the conditioning temperature rises above 170°F and hot pellet temperature above 179°F; Increasing steam pressure from 24 to 44 psi resulted in tendencies for greater phytase stability in pellets and had no effect on hot pellet temperature or feed moisture".
C. N. Truelock, N. E. Ward, J. W. Wilson, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk
36). Thicker pellet die increased increased PDI (Pellet durability index) by an average of 7.8%; Â increasing the die L:D from a 5.6 to an 8.0 did not lower phytase stability.
C. N. Truelock, N. E. Ward, J. W. Wilson, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk
37). "The phytase that was produced by Trichoderma reesei strain could tolerate hot pellet temperatures up to 189°F, regardless of pellet mill model, die thickness, and die retention time... however, phytase stability was dramatically reduced when hot pellet temperatures ranged from 195–211°F...Increasing the die thickness L:D had the greatest effect on improving pellet quality."
M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. E. Evans, C. K. Jones, C. H. Fahrenholz, C. B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark
Swine Health and Disease Management
38). Medium chain fatty acids (C6, C8, C10, or their blend at different concentrations) and 0.3% Sal CURB (Kemin) are "effective at decreasing detection of PEDV in feed both prior to and post-inoculation...additionally, inclusion of lower levels of MCFA than previously evaluated may provide protection against PEDV transmission through feed".
Effects of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Application in Swine Feed on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
A. B. Lerner, R. A. Cochrane, J. T. Gebhardt, S. S. Dritz, C. K. Jones, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, E. Porter, J. Anderson, P. C. Gauger, D. R. Magstadt, J. Zhang, B. Bass, T. P. Karnezos, B. de Rodas, and J. C. Woodworth
Reference
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 8. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7869
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